Zone de Texte: Convention on Biological Diversity - Conference Of the Parties Decision VI/23 Alien species that threaten ecosystems, habitats or species Zone de Texte: Guiding principle 2: Three-stage hierarchical approach 1.        Prevention is generally far more cost-effective and environmentally desirable than measures taken following introduction and establishment of an invasive alien species. 2.        Priority should be given to preventing the introduction of invasive alien species, between and within States. If an invasive alien species has been introduced, early detection and rapid action are crucial to prevent its establishment. The preferred response is often to eradicate the organisms as soon as possible (principle 13). In the event that eradication is not feasible or resources are not available for its eradication, containment (principle 14) and long-term control measures (principle 15) should be implemented. Any examination of benefits and costs (environmental, economic and social) should be done on a long-term basis. Zone de Texte: Not yet clearly defined the relation with terminology in plant invasion ecology, at the different stages of the invasive process (alien, invasive, casual alien, naturalized, exotic coloniser, archeophyte, neophyte, adventive, transformer …..(? never “pioneer”?) No help to solve the question, the impact of alien species are always considered to be negative: “the risk of invasive alien species to biodiversity …. to reduce the risks and to mitigate the effects ….to reduce the harmful effects ….. eradication, containment and control, to mitigate adverse effects ….”

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