Zone de Texte: (i) Where succession cannot be driven forward by the vegetation itself, the changes occur because of external influences 
(ii) Those external influences may be spontaneous, or anthropogenic 
(iii) IA plants encroaching on coastal habitats, in which they were not present before, may be the “spontaneous” response to soil degradation that hinder the successions of autochthonous Mediterranean maquis vegetation. 
(iv) Anthropogenic actions to help the succession of autochthonous vegetation need human energies and resources, in term of awareness, know-how, funding, organization, work, etc. The ecopoietic actions, as well as conservation and protection, are not zero-cost.

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